Gross morphometrics of the skull and mandible of the Philippine native horse (Equus caballus) with special reference to the applied anatomical landmark measurements for regional anesthesia of the head
Gross morphometrics of the skull and mandible of the Philippine native horse with special reference to the applied anatomical landmark measurements for regional anesthesia of the head were determined...
Gross morphometrics of the skull and mandible of the Philippine native horse with special reference to the applied anatomical landmark measurements for regional anesthesia of the head were determined. Twelve (12) fresh heads identified as Philippine native horse were collected from abattoirs. Infraorbital, mental, auriculopalpebral, and inferior alveolar nerves were visualized and measured. A total of 50 and 25 measurements were taken from the skull and mandible, respectively. Measurements were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. Sample measurements of the skull and mandible were profile/skull length (47.35 ± 2.08 cm) and length from the angle (35.18 ± 1.8 cm), respectively, Craniofacial indices were calculated including the skull/cephalic index (38.28 ± 2.65 %). Anatomical landmarks were also measured including the infraorbital foramina distance (6.62 ± 0.72 cm). The data were compared between sexes, length of M3 and breadth between coronoid processes, of the skull and mandible, respectively, were found to have significant difference. Majority of the parameters were seen to be insignificantly higher in females. The values obtained could serve as baseline data for interspecies and intraspecies differences and can serve as guide for regional anesthesia of the head of the Philippine native horse. Keywords: gross morphometrics, mandible, skull, Philippine native horse