Microsatellite-based genetic diversity and relationship analyses of three genetic groups of domesticated mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus L.) / Robert Cristobal Agatep ; Angel L. Lambio, chair, Advisory Committee.

Date

10-2011

Abstract

This study was undertaken to provide molecular and morphological characterizations and to determine genetic diversity and relationships among the Philippine Mallard, Khaki Campbell, and Pekin ducks. A total of 90 unrelated ducks representing the three genetic groups were used. Twenty-one of the 28 microsatellite primers employed are polymorphic. Among the three genetic groups, the average observed and effective number pf alleles ranges from 2.238 to 2.714 and 1.565 to 1.934, respectively. Likewise, the average observed and expected heterozygosity ranges from 0.297 to 0.432 and 0.308 to 0.422, respectively. The average polymorphism information content extends from 0.303 to 0.414. The average within population inbreeding estimate among the three genetic groups of mallard ducks is -0.0020 while total inbreeding estimate is 0.1292. On the other hand, the measurement of population differentiation has a value of 0.1309.    Chats ganda Loading... March 19 at 4:50 PM Mar 19, 2026, 4:50 PM You sent 3/19 - 12:00-4:00 March 22 at 11:31 AM Mar 22, 2026, 11:31 AM You sent Gcash utang - 229 March 23 at 2:53 PM Mar 23, 2026, 2:53 PM You sent DTR  3/23 - 1:00 - 3:00 PM March 24 at 9:20 AM Mar 24, 2026, 9:20 AM You sent 168228 You forwarded an image You forwarded an image March 26 at 10:55 AM Mar 26, 2026, 10:55 AM You sent March 26 at 12:24 PM Mar 26, 2026, 12:24 PM You sent Globally, peatlands are considered to have a high potential in mitigating climate change, but no study has been done in the Philippines. This study estimated the amount of stored C in the Caimpugan peatland and determined its role in mitigating GHG emission, classified the peatland soils, evaluated the environmental disturbances that threaten the peatland integrity and determined the perceptions of stakeholders to its ecosystem functions and services. Integrative environmental methodologies were used. The aboveground C stocks were measured in standing trees, understorey and herbaceous vegetation and litter and belowground C stocks in peat soils at different horizons of Tall Pole Forest, Intermediate Forest and the Pygmy Forest covers in two locations within the peatland.. Non- destructive sampling was done for trees > 5 cm dbh using allometric equations (Brown, 1997). The carbon contents of the understorey and herbaceous vegetations and litters were estimated by multiplying oven dried biomass by 45%. Total soil organic carbon was determined using Flash Elemental Analyzer 1112 Series Carbon Analyzer. A two way ANOVA was used to compare estimated stored C among selected vegetation types with location as the replication. The estimated aboveground C stock of Caimpugan peatland in Agusan Marsh was 22.8 million tons of C within its 5, 487 hectare peatland. The estimated mean belowground C stock (4,659.06 tC/ha) was much higher than the mean aboveground C stock (52.53 t/ha). Caimpugan peat soils are classified as Typic Troposaprists and C emissions occurred during its formation. Anthropogenic disturbances were more dominant than the natural factors that threaten the sustainability of ecosystem service on C sequestration. This ecosystem service was least recognized by the stakeholders of peatland. Environmental science based management options were recommended for environmental sustainability of this peatland. March 26 at 3:39 PM Mar 26, 2026, 3:39 PM You sent https://m.me/j/AbZa59uJaIHnuk_X/?send_source=gc:copy_invite_link_c You sent STS 1 X1 GROUP 2 Join this group chat to be a part of the conversation. March 27 at 1:39 AM Mar 27, 2026, 1:39 AM You sent GCASH UTANG  YESTIN- 370 March 27 at 8:42 AM Mar 27, 2026, 8:42 AM You sent 3/26 - 11:00-4:00 March 29 at 11:59 PM Mar 29, 2026, 11:59 PM You sent You deleted a message You sent You deleted a message Today at 11:16 AM 11:16 AM You sent On the other hand, the measurement of population differentiation has a value of 0.1309. Relationship analyses also show that the Philippine Mallard is genetically closer to the Khaki Campbell (Ds = 0.0944) than with the Pekin (Ds = 0.1523). The genetic distance between the Khaki Campbell and the Pekin is 0.1386. While the Philippine Mallard is less genetically diversified, it is more phenotypically variable compared with the Khaki Campbell and Pekin in terms of plumage, bill and shank colors. The Pekin was found out to be significantly bigger compared with the Philippine Mallard and Khaki Campbell in terms of bodyweight, breast width, breast depth, keel length, and shank length. The Philippine Mallard and the Khaki Campbell are more or less similar in terms of these morphometric traits. Private alleles that can be used as breed indicators were observed in the Pekin and Khaki Campbell ducks although these unique allelic patterns have low rates of incidence. No private allele for this purpose was discovered in the Philippine Mallard. It was also found out that microsatellite-based individual multi-loci heterozygosity had significant correlation with fitness traits such as bodyweight, breast width, breast depth, and keel length at sexual maturity in the three genetic groups of mallard duck.

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree

Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science

College

Graduate School (GS)

Adviser/Committee Chair

Angel L. Lambio

Committee Member

Severino S. Capitan, Merlyn S. Mendioro, Renato SA. Vega

Language

English

LC Subject

Mallard, Mallar -- Philippines, Animal Science Animal Science Cluster

Location

UPLB Main Library Special Collections Section (USCS)

Call Number

LG 996 2011 A5 A33

This document is currently not available here.

Share

COinS