Technology utilization under upland farming system among tribal communities in Kalinga-Apayao

Date

2-1996

Abstract

The study sought to determine the relationships between some socio-economic, cultural factors and bio-physical factors and technology utilization under upland farming systems in an upland tribal communities in Kalinga-Apayao.

One hundred five household heads from three communities, where 35 were drawn from each community, were the respondents of the study. Data were gathered through survey questionnaires, personal interviews, direct observation, review of secondary data and key-informant approach. Data were analyzed with the use of percentages, means, ranking, ranges, Pearson-Product-Moment Correlation, Multiple regression, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), t-test and LSD test. The Statistical Analysis System (SAS) was used for the data computerization.

Findings showed that the majority of the respondents were males and married with an average age of 51.23 years. Their average educational attainment was grade six with five children. They had cultivated an average of 2.7 hectares for 20 years as owner-cultivators. Generally, they had low productivity (P21,395.00) and income (P36,214.00 and struggled to attain a moderate level of living through the acquisition of household possessions and farm implements from secondary sources of income such as hired labor, on-farm and non-farm activities. Generally, the situation was moderately traditional compared to other upland communities.

The farmers noted that bio-physical factors such as fauna, flora, soil fertility, climate, temperature, hydrological character, topography (geomorphology), natural hazards and biological hazards had affected their farm operations and productivity either favorably or unfavorably. As directly observed, the steep mountains, sprawling hills and sloping terrain were forested with grassy vegetation but heavily swiddened parts were subjected to severe erosion during wet season. Patched cultivation was observed in inland valleys. With the advent of land privatization and greater access to land, qualitative changes had been observed from the Kaingin (swidden) traditional farming to shifting cultivation to a more integrated farming system. The uncontrollable bio-physical condition encouraged the farmers to utilize various adaptive upland farming system technologies as supported by their high technology utilization index (TUI) that ranged from 0.03-1.0.

On the other hand, multiples regression analysis showed that the fourteen (14) socio-economic variables such as educational, household size, farm size, farming experience, tenurial status, women involvement, farm productivity, income, extension service, market accessibility, credit assistance and cultural situation were found to have a significant effect on technology utilization were found to have a significant effect on technology utilization were found to have a significant effect on technology utilization with an R2 of 23.01%. However, based on the Pearson-Product-Moment Correlation only tenurial status (6.50), women involvement (2.13), income (1.45) and household size (1.016) were found to be strongly related to technology utilization. R values of the remaining variables were near to zero or mall to be considered significant. Likewise, the stepwise regression analysis further revealed that tenurial status and women involvement had the greatest contribution to technology utilization. This signifies that access to land provide a better opportunity for decision-making and integrative effect in intensifying land use. Similarly, the finding activities specifically in technology utilization hence, strengthening their potential and participation should be prioritized through and improved extension and training.

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree

Doctor of Philosophy in Extension Education

College

Graduate School (GS)

Adviser/Committee Chair

Pura T. Depositario

Committee Member

Virginia R. Cardenas, Josue C. Zuniega, Willie C. Depositario

Language

English

LC Subject

Rural extension

Location

UPLB Main Library Special Collections Section (USCS)

Call Number

LG 996 1996 A16 S24

Notes

Doctor of Philosophy(Extension Education)

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