Effects of Bignay (Antidesma bunius) on the Gene Expression Level of TH1-Related Cytokines, IFN-y, IL-2 and IL-22, in Salmonella Typhimurium-Stimulated Phillipine Mallard Duck Embryonic Fibroblasts

Date

2024

Degree

Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

College

College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM)

Adviser/Committee Chair

Cherry P. Fernandez-Colorado

Co-adviser

Mark Joseph M. Desamero

Abstract

Background: Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) is a prominent foodborne pathogen globally. As a leading cause of gastrointestinal infections and one of the most prevalent foodborne illnesses, it has become a major public health issue, especially in developing countries. It threatens not only human health but also causes significant economic losses for poultry farmers. Current management of Salmonella-related infections primarily involves supportive care and antibiotics, raising the risk of antimicrobial resistance. This underscores the need for developing cost-effective and efficient alternative treatments for Salmonella-related infections. Methodology: Trypan blue exclusion assay was used to determine the cell viability of duck embryonic fibroblasts (DEFs) on different concentrations of Philippine berry fruit extract (BFE). The study was divided into four experimental groups, each with two replicates: negative control/cultured DEFs (NC), DEFs stimulated with BFE (BFE), S. Typhimurium-stimulated DEFs (ST), and the S. Typhimurium-stimulated and BFE-treated DEFS (ST+BFE). At 24 h post-stimulation/treatment, mRNA expression levels of Thl-related cytokines (IFN-v, IL-2, and IL-22) were assessed using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: The highest concentration of BFE was found to be at 250 g/mL with 95.05% cell viability. This concentration was used in all succeeding experimental procedures in this study. Significant upregulation of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-22 cytokines in DEFs stimulated with ST only were observed. Significant downregulation of IFN-y and IL-22 gene expression levels on ST+BFE as compared to ST after BFE treatment for 24 h were also observed. Interestingly, even without pathogen stimulation, IL-2 levels in BFE-treated DEFs were significantly upregulated Conclusion: Results revealed that treatment with BFE led to a decrease in the expression levels of IFN-γ (Th1) and IL-22 (Th17), suggesting the potential role of the Th1/Th17 pathway in regulating inflammatory responses triggered by S. Typhimurium infections. Conversely, the upregulation of IL-2 (Th1) was linked to the intricate immunoregulatory functions of cytokines, which contribute to anti-inflammatory effects, hinting at the possible involvement of the Th2 signaling pathway. Hence, BFE demonstrated promise as an anti-inflammatory agent and inflammatory modulator, offering potential as an alternative treatment for ST-related infections. Keywords: Antidesma bunius, Bignay, Duck embryonic fibroblast, Philippine Mallard duck, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Thl-related immune response

Language

English

Location

UPLB College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM)

Notes

Awards : Best Undergraduate Thesis Award in Veterinary Public Health

Document Type

Thesis

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