The Effect of the Shifts in Learning Modalities to the Explicit Cost of Tertiary Education

Date

6-2023

Degree

Bachelor of Science in Economics

College

College of Economics and Management (CEM)

Adviser/Committee Chair

Jefferson A. Arapoc

Committee Member

Niño Alejandro Q. Manalo, Gideon P. Carnaje, Agham C. Cuevas

Restrictions

Restricted: Not available to the general public and to those bound by the confidentiality agreement. Access is available only after consultation with author/thesis adviser.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a shift in learning modalities, impacting tertiary education and students' costs. This study aimed to determine the effect of the shifts on the private and explicit costs incurred by students from the UPLB College of Economics and Management (CEM). The research objectives were to estimate and compare the changes in total costs across different learning modalities, identify factors influencing private costs, and examine the effect of cost changes on students' school participation. Thus, the Fixed Effect with Instrumental Variables model was used for data analysis, which suited the study's objectives.

The findings revealed that online learning had the lowest cost, followed by the traditional setup and blended learning. Cost differences were primarily attributed to changes in living arrangements. Online learning allowed students to continue education from home, minimizing rent and food expenses. Expenses during online learning were primarily related to electronic devices. Blended learning incurred higher costs due to distant living arrangements, resulting in increased expenses for rent, transportation, food, and drinks. The regression analysis identified household income, living arrangements, and learning modality as significant factors influencing private costs. The study found a minimal impact of cost changes on school participation, with low dropout rates across all learning modalities. Most surveyed students did not experience changes in household income, which typically affects a student's ability to continue schooling. Notably, the highest dropout rate was observed during the online learning period, suggesting significant challenges for students.

The study highlights that cost alone does not determine a student's success or ability to attend school. Assessing the effectiveness the effectiveness of learning modalities is crucial, and adequate preparation and adjustment time should be provided. Limitations include excluding certain expenses and doing a non-random sampling method. Future studies could incorporate a broader sample and examine other educational levels

Language

English

LC Subject

Learning strategies, COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-2023, Costs (Economics), Postsecondary education

Location

UPLB College of Economics and Management (CEM)

Call Number

LG 993.5 2023 E2 B35

Document Type

Thesis

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