Characterization of textile wastewaters

Date

10-1995

Degree

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry

College

College of Arts and Sciences (CAS)

Adviser/Committee Chair

Lilia S. P. Madamba

Co-adviser

Elvira T. Tumlos

Abstract

Water samples from the dyeing operation as well as raw (influent) and final (effluent) wastewater from two textile industries designated as Mill I and Mill II were characterized in terms of pH, alkalinity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), total Kjehdahl nitrogen (TEN), chromium, and cadmium. The efficiency of the wastewater treatment systems used by the two mills was also investigated and compared. The dyeing wastewater showed relatively high values of BOD 5, COD, and TEN and varied significantly with time of sampling. The TSS was consistently low in all months of sampling. This could be attributed to solubility of dyeing components in aqueous medium. The dyeing wastewater from Hill I was highly alkaline in contrast to Mill II which was slightly acidic. Hill II used mainly acid dyes while Mill I employed various dyes which required hydroxide salt in its formulation. Cadmium and chromium were detected in trace quantity in the wastewater. The influent had lower pollutant levels primarily because of the large volume of water required for rinsing and cleaning the machines and the processed textile fabrics. The BOD and COD varied drastically at this stage. Mill I had a peak BOD of 133 ppm and COD of 147 ppm while Mill II had relatively higher values of 337 ppm and 371 ppm peak BCD and COD. respectively. The TEN was high for both mills while TSS was substantially lower. The pH and alkalinity however were only slightly reduced is the influent stream of mill I. The metals chromium and admium were found in trace quantity in both mills. Mill I employed lagoon for wastewater treatment, while Mill II used neutralization, chemical precipitation, filtration, and activated =lodge process. The wastewater treatment system of Mill II was found to be more effective in reducing the percentage of the pollutant level. However, the TEN was still high in the effluent and had peak levels of 4.26 mg/I, and 4.58 mg/L in Mill I and II, respectively. In some samplings, the pH of the effluent from Mill I exceeded the DENR recommend value of 9. The alkalinity of Mill I was likewise high throughout the time of sampling with a range of 460-702 mg CaCO3/L. The alkalinity could be due to sodium hydroxide used in dyeing and other processes such as scouring (lad mercerizing. The BOD, COD, TSS, Cd, and Cr were within the standard set by DENR for effluents.

Language

English

Location

UPLB Main Library Special Collections Section (USCS)

Call Number

LG 993.5 1995 A13 /L38

Document Type

Thesis

This document is currently not available here.

Share

COinS