Optimization of lipid extraction and characterization of fatty acid, unsaponifiable fraction and total phenolic content of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerink

Date

4-2012

Degree

Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Chemistry

College

College of Arts and Sciences (CAS)

Adviser/Committee Chair

Hidelisa P. Hernandez

Abstract

Saracanlao, Rochelle Joie Angor, College of Agriculture - College of Arts and Sciences. University of the Philippines Los Banos. April. 2012. OPTLMIZATION OF LIPID EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FATTY ACID. UNSAPONIFIABLE FRACTION AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck.

Adviser: Hidelisa P. Hernandez, Ph. D.

Thirty one bags of Chlorella vulgar.' cultures produced 46.43 grams of oven-dried biomass. The optimized lipid extraction procedure for C. vulgaris was found to be sonication with 2:1 (vv) chloroform:methanol at 1:20 (g.ml) algae:solvent ratio. Yield using this procedure obtained 51% based on oven-dried algae.

Method of extraction depending on its efficiency of lipid extraction affects both yield and lipid profile. Yield increases with polarity of solvent system. The same trend was observed with amount of sterols detected among different extracts. Triglycerides, on the other hand, decreases with the polarity of solvent systems used. More polar solvents also extract more of fatty acids with 16-18 carbon atoms. Fatty acids with 12-14 carbon atoms are present in higher amounts in extracts obtained by less polar solvents. Careful assessment of extraction methods is important in obtaining valuable compounds from microalgae. The choice of solvent and extraction procedure depends not only in lipid yield but also on the target compound.

The C. vulgaris lipid extract was analyzed for its lipid profile, fatty acid composition and unsaponifiable fraction composition. The C vulgarrs oil extracts obtained using the optimized procedure showed that triglycerides are the main component (79%). Sterols were also present (14%) being higher in more polar solvents. 1,3- diglycerides were also present in substantial amounts. Gas chromatography- flame ionization detection of the fatty acid components as fatty acid methyl esters showed the following composition. lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolelaidic acid, and linolenic acid as the fatty acid composition of the mentioned microalgae. Traces of unknown fatty acids were also present The extract contains 12% unsaponifiable fraction composed of sterols, 6-tocopherol, a- tocopherol, carotene and carotenes .Carotenes was the dominant component with 59%.

Estimation of phenolic content of C. vulgar. using Foin-Ciocalteau procedure showed that water extracts contain the most phenolics expressed as 5 14 gallic acid equivalent/ g algae as compared to hexane and ethyl acetate extracts with phenolic content of 0 41 and 1 77 gallic acid equivalent / g algae.

Language

English

Location

UPLB Main Library Special Collections Section (USCS)

Call Number

Thesis

Document Type

Thesis

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