Price Analysis of Calamansi in the Philippines, 1990-2023

Date

6-2025

Degree

Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics

College

College of Economics and Management (CEM)

Adviser/Committee Chair

Julieta A. Delos Reyes

Committee Member

Geny F. Lapiña, Maria Angeles O. Catelo

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For non-UP researchers, requests for access to this material may be directed to the CEM Library at cemlibrary.uplb@up.edu.ph or to the UKDR administrator at uscs-mainlib.uplb@up.edu.ph

Abstract

The study examined the fluctuations in calamansi prices in the Philippines from 1990 to 2023. Specifically, it aimed to identify the trends in production and prices at both the farmgate and retail levels for calamansi in the country; analyze the seasonal, secular, cyclical, and irregular variations in calamansi prices; explore the factors that affect the changes in various price components; and offer suggestions that could aid in stabilizing calamansi prices in the nation.

The study downloaded calamansi prices from PSA, while Consumer Price Index (2018 base year = 100), was obtained from BSP. The CPI was used to adjust nominal into real prices to account for inflation. For uniformity, the new series were re-casted following the computations made for the old series. This means getting annual data for volume of production for use as weights in computing the weighted averages per month. The multiplicative model of price decomposition was applied, and the ratio-to-moving-average approach was employed to break down the prices. The marketing margin of calamansi at different price levels were taken and used for further discussion and analysis of calamansi prices.

The results show that the calamansi industry in the country is currently facing challenges, evident in declining production volumes, planted areas, the number of productive trees, and overall yield. Results point to MIMAROPA being the top region for calamansi, despite decreasing productivity. Regions like Western Visayas and BARRM show potential with their high annual yields per tree, while the leading Regions VI and XI are experiencing low outputs in terms of yield. Notably, Region IX and its growth over the years demonstrates potential to become a major contributor to the calamansi market.

Based on the results of the price decomposition, calamansi experiences price seasonality, peaking in February and hitting the lowest point in May across all price levels. Even with a perceived seasonality, calamansi production does not cease and continues throughout the year, with a marked increase in production from June to October. The secular variation shows consistency at all price levels, lacking a discernible trend trajectory for calamansi prices. There is no identifiable pattern regarding cyclical variation across all price points, and irregular variations are particularly noticeable, albeit minimal, in farmgate prices, indicating slight irregularity due to natural factors. Marketing margins exhibit inconsistencies, often fluctuating significantly, which suggests potential marketing challenges facing the industry.

It is suggested to investigate areas with potential in calamansi production due to their high yield per bearing tree based on data. Further research into the behavior of marketing participants and a value chain analysis of specific regions could provide deeper understanding into the erratic nature of marketing margins and the price spread of calamansi over recent decades. Continued research on improving calamansi technologies and variants to improve its shelf life is also recommended.

Language

English

LC Subject

Citrus fruit industry, Price regulation

Location

UPLB College of Economics and Management (CEM)

Call Number

LG 993.5 2025 A14 D44

Notes

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Document Type

Thesis

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