A field practice report at the Bioresource Technology Development Laboratory of the University of Tsukuba, Japan, with focus on the particle size analysis of emulsions

Date

12-2015

Degree

Bachelor of Science in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Major Course

Major in Agricultural and Bio-Process Engineering

College

College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology (CEAT)

Adviser/Committee Chair

Ma. Cristine Concepcion D. Ignacio

Abstract

Emulsion is defined as the preparation of two immiscible liquids with the aid of an emulsifying agent so that it can resist change for a long period of time. For years, emulsions have been widely used in number of applications in different industries such as milk and dairy, food, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmacy. However, these emulsions are considered thermodynamically unstable. Therefore, the need and interests for these emulsions to be studied arise as it is also considered economically important The field practice was conducted at the Bioresource Technology Development Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan from June 29 to July 6, 2015. This report focused on the evaluation of stability of the emulsions developed using three different emulsifiers (Tween 20, Sugar Ester, and Decaglycerol monooleate) through the particle size distribution using the Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer and particle size analysis by Stokes' law. The stability of these emulsions was compared to milk as the control samples. The emulsions developed were composed of 10% soybean oil and 90% premix water and emulsifier. The emulsions developed and control samples were stored in three varying thermal conditions -- 4°C, 25°C, and 40°C.After four (4) days of observation, data has been gathered and evaluated. The results showed that for Tween 20, the average particle sizes were 117 nm, 135 nm, and 124 nm at 4°C, 25°C and 40°C, respectively. While Sugar Ester and Decaglycerol monooleate had 134 nm at 4°C, 144 nm at 25°C and 155 nm at 40°C and 147 nm at 4°C, and 142 nm at 40°C, correspondingly. It was observed that the control samples had larger particle sizes resulted from the breakdown process, coalescence, which the control samples showed. Furthermore, particle size analysis by Stokes' law was also evaluated. Terminal velocities of the emulsions and the control samples were calculated. Tween 20's terminal velocities range from 0.10604 nm/s to 0.50817 nm/s while Sugar Ester had 0.66462 nm/s, 0.12057 nm/s and 0.16371 nm/s at 4°C, 25°C and 40°C, respectively. In addition to that, Decaglycerol monooleate had 0.44523 nm/s at 4°C, 0.10429 nm/s at 25°C, and 0.15726 nm/s at 40°C. On the other hand, the control samples had terminal velocities of 0.86730 nm/s, 1.64217 nm/s and 3.62333 nm/s at 4°C, 25°C, and 40°C, respectively for control sample 1. And 1.35168 nm/s at 4°C, 1.20175 nm/s at 25°C and 2.69512 nm/s at 40°C for control sample 2. Results showed that the control samples had faster terminal velocities compared to the emulsions developed. This implies that the emulsions developed have a better stability than the control samples.

Language

English

Location

UPLB College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology (CEAT)

Call Number

LG 993 2015 A2 M35

Document Type

Thesis

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