Analysis of the drainage system design of holes 4 and 7 of the East course of Wack Wack Golf and Country Club

Phoebe P. Pua

Date

10-2010

Degree

Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering

Major Course

Major in Land & Water Resources Engineering

College

College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology (CEAT)

Adviser/Committee Chair

Rosa B. Delos Reyes

Committee Member

Aurelio A. Delos Reyes, Jr., Maurice A. Duka

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Abstract

The study was conducted in Holes 4 and 7 in the East Course of Wack Wack Golf and Country Club. The objective of the study was to make necessary observations and data gathering to evaluate the drainage system already installed in the holes. Holes 4 and 7 were chosen as the focus of the study because the drainage system was already installed and the areas were already graded. The considerations for the evaluation were the slope of the pipe sections, flow velocity, flow rate, rainfall intensity, and probability of occurrence and return interval with the aid of hydrologic frequency analysis (HFA) and available 10-year rainfall data. A topographic map for each hole was generated using AutoCAD 2010 software. The drainage pipes were grouped into sections. The difference in elevation between pipe ends and the corresponding horizontal distance were used to compute the slope of each section. It was found out that sections D4 (of Hole 4) and A1 (of Hole 7) had slopes of 0.18% and 0.12%, respectively. These values were below the recommended minimum slope of 0.20%. These sections might experience siltation or sedimentation that can render the pipes inefficient. The flow velocity and flow rate per pipe section were computed using Manning’s equation and continuity equation, respectively. A roughness coefficient of 0.012 was used to compute the flow velocity. Results showed that four pipe sections in Hole 4 (sections B, C1, D4, and D6) and two pipe sections in Hole 7 (sections A1 and A5) had flow velocities lower than the recommended velocity of 0.90 m/s. This implies that the pipes would not be able to self-clean and siltation may occur. Sections D4 (of Hole 4) and A1 (of Hole 7) were more prone to siltation because both the slopes and velocities of these sections were below the minimum. On the other hand, the flow velocities in sections C4 (of Hole 4) and A6 (of Hole 7) were higher than the recommended velocity of 3.70 m/s. This suggests that the flow of water, if containing abrasive substances, can wear the inside of the pipes and diminish its durability that can lead to premature damage. Furthermore, it was found out that flow rates of sections D3 (of Hole 4) and C2 (of Hole 7) were lower than the upstream pipe sections. These pipe sections, if always flowing in full capacity, might experience too much pressure on its walls or even bursting. The intensity of rainfall received in the golf course was determined using the rational equation. The rainfall intensities for 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 1 day, 2 days,

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3 days, 4days, 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days were computed. Hole 4 can accommodate 4,553.5 mm per day or 31,874.2 mm of rainfall per week, while Hole 7 can accommodate 2,408.3 mm per day or 16,857.8 mm of rainfall per week. It was found out that Holes 4 and 7 can accommodate 189.7 mm/hr and 100.3 mm/hr of rainfall, respectively. Using HFA, it was found out that a rainfall intensity of 100.3mm/hr or more in Hole 7 had a 2.2% probability of occurring and can be experienced every 46 years. The other rainfall intensities were out of range. These clearly showed that Hole 7 would experience flooding first than Hole 4. In accordance to the evaluation of the holes, sections B, C1, D4 and D6 of Hole 4 and sections A1 and A5 of Hole 7 should be monitored and require more attention than the other sections, most especially sections D4 (Hole 4) and A1 (Hole 7) because they had slopes and velocities below the minimum. Furthermore, if reformations are possible the slopes of sections B, C1, D4 and D6 of Hole 4 and sections A1 and A5 of Hole 7 should be increased to prevent siltation. However, the slopes of sections C4 (Hole 4) and A6 (Hole 7) should be decreased to prevent wearing off of the pipes. Sections D3 (Hole 4) and C2 (Hole 7) should be increased in diameter to prevent bursting in case of full pipe flow.

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