Farmer's adaptive strategies in rice-based farming systems in Masantol, Pampanga, Philippines

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the main constraints in rice-based farming systems: their causes and adverse effects as influenced by El Niño and La Niña phenomena and identify farmers' strategies to alleviate those constraints. Two constraints in the study area were flooding and saline water intrusion caused by various biophysical factors. The constraints resulted in interrelated problems of low yield and crop intensity, high risk of failure, seasonal availability of employment, high cost of production, and ultimately in low income to farmers. To overcome constraints, alleviate problems and increase potentials in rice-based farming systems, farmers evolved the following adaptive strategies: (1) empoldering; (2) installation of peripheral nets around the farm; (3) pumping out of water from the rice fields; (4) raising adaptable aquatic species of animals; (5) utilization of locally available biological resources; and (6) high level of farmer to farmer communication. © 2004 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

Source or Periodical Title

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture

ISSN

10440046

Page

2025-05-01

Document Type

Article

Subject

Adaptation, Drainage strategies, Yield constraints

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