Echocardiographic features of apparently healthy captive white-bellied sea eagles (Haliaeetus leucogaster, Gmelin 1788) (Aves: Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)

Issue Date

7-2022

Abstract

Heart diseases, such as myofiber degeneration, pericarditis, myocarditis, and fibrosis, are common in avian species especially in athletic birds such as raptors. However, due to lack of diagnostic tools, proper treatment and management of such cannot be achieved. Ultrasound B-mode and M-mode imaging was done in 12 (eight female, two males, and two unknown) apparently healthy, captive White-bellied Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus leucogaster) using a 7.5MHz linear scanner. Acoustic window was determined to be between the left coracoids bone and the first rib. Imaging of the full architecture of the heart was difficult due to the presence of the large air sacs. In B-mode, the heart was recognized due to its rhythmic beat. It shows anechoic lumen for atria and ventricles, hyperechoic thick ventricular walls, and hypoechoic thin atrial walls. Systolic and diastolic measurements for both the walls and lumen were determined in M-mode. Structures such as aortic root and mitral valve were also identified in M-mode. M-mode indices were calculated from the ultrasonograms obtained. Overall, the measurements and indices obtained in the study can be used as reference values for the echocardiographic features of White-bellied Sea Eagles and related species.

Source or Periodical Title

Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine

ISSN

0031-7705

Volume

59

Issue

2

Page

99-106

Document Type

Article

College

College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM)

Frequency

semi-annually

Physical Description

illustrations; tables

Language

English

En – AGROVOC descriptors

FALCONIFORMES; HEART; HEART DISEASES; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ULTRASOUND

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