Cytogenetic effects of selected medicinal plants for diabetes (aqueous extract or tablet) on human leukocytes cultured in vitro

Professorial Chair Lecture

UP Foundation Inc Professorial Lecture

Date

2002

Abstract

Aqueous extracts of medicinal plants for diabetes, namely: the bark of Syzygium cumini L. (duhat), leaves of Artemesia vulgaris L. (damong maria), Catharanthus roseus (L.) Don (periwinkle), Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (banaba), cloves of Allium sativum L. (garlic), seeds of Swietenia macrophylla King (mahogany), leaves and tablets of Momordica charantia var. abbreviata Ser, (ampalaya) were tested on human leukocytes cultured in vitro and their cytogenetic effects were determined. Mean mitotic indeces of the leukocytes were reduced significantly by S. cumuni, A. vulgaris, C. roseus, S. macrophylla, S. speciosa and M. charantia var abbreviata as the concentrations of their treatments were increased. S. cumuni, L. speciosa and A. vulgaris can be potentially tapped as tumor growth suppressor for they almost prevented cell divisions in culture. A. sativum and M. charantia tablets insignificantly affect mitotic index. The mean frequencies of occurrence of chromosomal aberrations namely; loose sister chromatids, gaps and breaks in all the treatments were insignificantly different. A. vulgaris, C. roseus, M. charantia var. abbreviata, S. macrophylla and L. speciosa. M. charantia also induced chromosome condensation (9 to 26%) but lower percentage (9 to 15%) was noted using the tablet.

Karyotype analysis of chromosomes treated with extracts of A. vulgaris, L. speciosa and tablets of M. charantia showed their effects on relative lengths. Aqueous extracts of A. vulgaris significantly reduced the relative lengths of chromosomes 1,2,6,7,8,9,12,18, and 19. Significant increases in lengths were observed for chromosomes 13,14, and 15. For L. speciosa, only chromosome 17 was affected by the treatment wherein an increase in relative length was noted. Using M. charantia tablets, chromosomes 13 and 16 showed significant increases in relative lengths. Variable responses of the chromosomes could be due to the differences in the compositions of the aqueous extracts and tablets.

Location

UPLB Main Library Special Collections Section (USCS)

College

College of Arts and Sciences (CAS)

Language

English

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