Isolation and characterization of larvicidal compounds from bayati [Anamirta cocculus (Linn.)] and evaluation of toxicity against mosquito (Aedes aegypti)larvae

Author

A. T. Abrera

Date

7-2015

Abstract

The larvicidal activity of bayati (Anamirta cocculus Linn.) seeds against Aedes aegypti larvae was determined prior to extraction and was found to cause percent mortality of 90.83 +- 5.77% and 100.00% +- 0.00% 24 HAT and 48 HAT, respectively at 5000 mg/L. Phytochemical screening of powdered seeds indicated presence of alkaloid, terpenoid and saponin. Extraction of pulverized bayati seeds using ethanol produced a yellow brown extract with 38.705% yield. Larvicidal toxicity assay of crude ethanolic extract showed lower percent mortality against A. aegypti compared to black pepper (botanical insecticide) and deltamethrin (synthetic insecticide). Fractionation and purification of the crude extract by silica gel column chromatography yielded four isolates: 1 (0.52% yield), 2 (1.15% yield), 3(0.67% yield) and 4 (0.32% yield). Larvicidal assay revealed that isolate 1 [LC sub 50 = 313.54 mg/L 24 hours after treatment (HAT)], 2 (LC sub 50 = 273.58 mg/L 24 HAT) and 3 (LC sub 50 631.17 mg/L 24 HAT) can be considered weakly effective while isolate 4 (LC sub 50 = 1000.40 mg/L 24 HAT) as nontoxic against A. aegypti larvae. Melting point, FT-IR and sup 1 H-NMR spectral analyses suggest that isolate 3 could be picrotoxinin and Isolate 4 could be picrotin. In addition, ethanolic extract of bayati was found to be non-toxic against A. aegypti larvae.

Language

English

Document Type

Article

Pages /Collation

36 leaves

En – AGROVOC descriptors

AEDES AEGYPTI; CULICIDAE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; LARVAE; INSECT CONTROL; EXTRACTS; SEEDS; BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES; ISOLATION; TOXICITY

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