Assessment of community participation in the coastal resource rehabilitation project in Bali, Indonesia

Date

2002

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to assess community participation in the coastal resource rehabilitation project of Lebah hamlet, Bali, Indonesia that was implemented from 1991 to 1993. Social and field surveys were conducted in this area covering Jemeluk and Tukadse in April and July 2001. The study aimed 1) to examine the relationship between the processes and the outcomes of the project, 2) to assess the project's outcomes in terms of the biophysical conditions of coastal resource using selected indicators, and 3) to evaluate the impacts of the project on the socioeconomic conditions of the local community in the study area using selected indicators as well. The major strategies of the project implemented to rehabilitate the coastal resources included deployment of artificial reefs made of cement blocks and tires, training and formation of organization in the community, passing of fishing and environmental ordinances and formation of community- based coastal watch groups. Results showed that the project resulted in enhanced community participation and positive environmental changes. The Spearman's test (at a = 0.01 and 0.05)for overall respondent ratings of the indicators of participation processes and perceived outcomes showed a positive correlation (at a = 0.05) between the processes and the outcomes. The significant results of deployment of artificial reefs and other rehabilitation strategies were the improvement in fish catch and CPUE of the two major fishing gears, and reef fish diversity and density. After the deployment of artificial reefs in 1991, an increasing trend was noted in the catch by both gears. Fish catch of hand lines and horizontal long lines doubled in 1994 to 1998 respectively. For the same period, there was a 67.5 percent increase in number of hand lines in 1994, whereas only a 37.5 percent increase was noted for horizontal long lines in 1998. For the same period, CPUE of hand lines and horizontal long lines increased 19.4 percent and 45.5 percent respectively. It is interesting to note that the

39 increase in catch was higher than the rate of increase in the number of fishing gears during the whole period. This increasing trend in catch and CPUE of both fishing gears for the whole period that the area had improved to an extent that the fish were able to reproduce to support the fishing activities of the fishers. The deployment of artificial reefs played a major role in improving fish catch presumably by providing food and shelter to different species of fish and other marine organisms. The Wilcoxon rank sum test at level of a = 0.025 and 0.050 indicated a significant difference of the benthic lifeform diversity for the artificial reefs between 1991 and 1994 and between 1991 and 2001. The means of diversity values for 1991, 1994 and 2001 were 0.92 = 0.22, 1.36 = 0.14 and 1.95 = 0.39, respectively. The improvement of the artificial reef area condition may also be gauged by the abundance of Chaetodont species, an indicator organism expressed as IRDI index. The mean of IRDI gradually increased from 4.9 in 1991 to 9.8 in 1994 and to 19 in 2001. There was a significant increase in reef fish diversity in the vicinity of the artificial reefs corresponding to the same test at level of a = 0.025 and 0.50, from an average of 1.74 in 1991 to 2.4 in 1994 and to 2.8 in 2001.The project outcome also generated positive impacts on the socioeconomic aspects. Chi-square test showed a significant increase in social welfare level and in income levels referring to before and after implementation of the project for both respondent groups. The test also indicated a significant increase in "access to food" and in "access to recreational activities" for both Jemeluk and Tukadse.

Document Type

Master Thesis

Language

English

Location

UPLB Main Library Special Collections Section (USCS)

Call Number

LG 995 2002 E8 E37

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