Effect of water hardness on the survival and early development of angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare Lichtenstein (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

Date

6-1994

Degree

Bachelor of Science in Biology

Major Course

Major in Cell Biology

College

College of Arts and Sciences (CAS)

Adviser/Committee Chair

Nilda N. Ubaldo

Abstract

The effects of water hardness on the survival and early development of angelfish was evaluated. Water with hardness levels equivalent to 20, 40, 100, 200, 300 and 391 mg/1 CaCO3 were used as the rearing medium for the day old eggs. Results showed higher survival of embryos in soft waters (20 - 40 mg/1 CaCO3) than in hard water (391 mg/1 CaCO3, ) after 12 hours of exposure. However, these rates were found to be not significant when statistically analyzed using ANOVA, P < 0.05. This pattern is sustained until the first feeding stage. A higher percentage of embryos at a more advanced stage were found at hardness levels of 100 - 200 mg/1 CaCO. Results, however, were also found not to be significant when statistically analyzed using ANOVA, P < 0.05. Thereafter, synchronized development was observed in all surviving embryos during each observation made every 12 hours. The experiment was terminated after nine days and three embryos from each treatment were preserved for sectioning.

Language

English

Location

UPLB Main Library Special Collections Section (USCS)

Call Number

Thesis

Document Type

Thesis

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