Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shell liquid phenolic compounds as a potential insecticide against the adult fleas (Ctenocephalides spp.)

Date

4-2012

Degree

Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

College

College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM)

Adviser/Committee Chair

Maria Amelita C. Estacio

Restrictions

Restricted: Not available to the general public. Access is available only after consultation with author/thesis adviser and only to those bound by the confidentiality agreement.

Abstract

The effectiveness of different lower concentrations of the CNSL phenolic compounds anacardic acid and cardanol against the adult dog fleas (Ctenocephalides spp.) was examined. A total of 2400 fleas consisting of 14% C. canis and 86% C. felis felis were utilized in the study. Anacardic acid at 500 ppm concentration consistently caused the highest mortality rate (94.5%) of the adult dog fleas in comparison with other anacardic acid treatment concentrations (73.5% at 250 ppm, 89.5% at 125 ppm, 81.5% at 62.5 ppamd 31.25 ppm) and controls, distilled water (25.5%) and 0.0625% SLES (18.5%) over the 180-minute observation period. Cardanol at 500 ppm concentration yielded 90.5% mortality while cardanol at 31.25 ppm, 62.5 ppm, 125 ppm and 250 ppm concentrations caused 82%, 80.5%, 81.5%and 89.5% mortality of the adult dog fleas, respectively. The controls, distilled water and 0.0625% SLES, consistently caused significant lower mortality rates compared with the anacardic acid and cardanol treatment concentrations. Mortality rates of the adult dog fleas in all treatment groups increased with increased exposure time though 100% mortality rate was not attained. Based on the results of the study, CNSL anacardic acid and cardanol utilized as a spray on could be used effectively against the adult dog fleas at 500 ppm concentration. An in vivo study should be done to evaluate the effectiveness of the CNSL phenolic compounds for possible veterinary use in the future. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and mode of action of the CNSL phenolic compounds could be determined to fully understand its potential as an insecticide. Also, determining the stability of the CNSL phenolic compounds at certain temperature and storing conditions could greatly contribute in improving future studies on these. Alternatives in flea collection, using a vacuum machine for example, could be done to improve handling of the samples.

Language

English

Location

UPLB Main Library Special Collections Section (USCS)

Call Number

Thesis

Document Type

Thesis

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