Modularity and integration of the fore and hindwings of the common evening brown butterfly (Melanitis leda)

Issue Date

10-2012

Abstract

It has been proposed that the spectacular diversification in butterfly wing patterns has been possible due to the evolutionary and developmental flexibility arising from their organization in different series or types and from their distribution wing regions. This organization of modularity and integration often results in covariation among various parts in organizations. In this study, the patterns of modularity and integration of the fore and hind wings of Common Evening Brown Butterfly (Melanitis leda) were determined by analysis of five developmental modules using the MINT software (Modularity and Integration Tool, ver. 1.5, Marquez, 2007. Two competing models emerged as the best fit for fore- and hind-wings of both sexes of the two species indicating little difference in sexes. The best fit models are determined with the highest P-value and lowest gamma value. Models 3,4 and 5 of the fore wing of Melanitis leda showed the best fit in both sexes while Models 3 and 5 showed the best fit in the hind wings.

Source or Periodical Title

The Philippine Entomologist

ISSN

0048-3753

Volume

26

Issue

2

Page

192-193

Document Type

Article

Frequency

semi-annually

Language

English

En – AGROVOC descriptors

LEPIDOPTERA; ANIMAL STRUCTURE; ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES; DIVERSIFICATION

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